I. Airborne Bacterial Diseases

    A. Meningitis

        1. Neisseria meningitidis

            a) pathogenesis

                1) capsule: 13 different serotypes

                2) LPS

                3) transmission: URT

                4) high risk for severe infection
 

            b) vaccines

                1) trivalent: A, C, Y

                2) B and C
 

            c) epidemiology
 
 

    B. Streptococcus sp. group A

        1. Virulence mechanisms

            a) M protein
 

            b) capsule
 
 

        2. Clinical manifestations

            a) pharyngitis (strep throat)
 

            b) impetigo
 

            c) toxic streptococcal syndrome
 

            d) necrotizing fasciitis
 

        3. Pathological sequelae

            a) rheumatic fever
 

            b) glomerulonephritis

    C.  Streptococcus pneumoniae

        1. Introduction
 

        2.  Pathogenesis

• related to large capsule

            a)  pneumonia

• number one cause of pneumonia in US
  
• symptoms:
   

        3.  Vaccine

• Pneumovax
  
• Prevnar
   

    D. Tuberculosis

        1.  Mycobacterium

            M. tuberculosis

            M. avium-intracellularae complex (MAIC)

         2.  Characteristics
 

        3. Pathogenesis

            a) virulence mechanisms
 

            b) transmitted by aerosols
 

        4. Clinical manifestations

• can involve any organ, primarily resides in the lungs
  
• symptoms
   

        5. Skin test

• purified protein derivative (PPD)
   

        6. Vaccine

• Bacillus Calmette Guerin´ (BCG)
  
• attenuated M. bovis
   

        7. Epidemiology

II. Arthropod Borne Bacterial Diseases

   A. Introduction

   B. Lyme Disease

        1. Borrelia burgdorferi
 

        2. Transmission

• Ixodes ticks
   

        3. Clinical manifestations

• three stages
  
  
• erythema chronicum migrans
   

            #1 tickborne disease in the US
 

   B.  Syphilis

        1. Introduction

• Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
   

   C. Chlamydia  

       1. Introduction

• OIP
  

        2. C. trachomatis

• Biovar I (serotyopes L1, L2, L3)
  
• Biovar II
  
• Biovar III

              a) Trachoma (serotypes A, B, Ba, C)

• chronic severe eye infection

               b) Inclusion conjuctivitis (serotypes D through K)

• mild acute eye infection

               c) Sexually tranmitted disease (STD)

• very prevalent

               d) Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

• Biovar I
  
• severe STD

    D. Staphylococcal Diseases

        1. Staphylococcus aureus

        2. Virulence mechanisms            

             a) protein A

              b) exotoxins

              c) enterotoxin

          3. Pathogenesis

          4. Clinical manifestations

              a) skin infections

              b) staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

              c) toxic shock syndrome                

                  1) TSST-1: super antigen

                  2) symptoms

              d) invasive diseases
 

              e) food poisoning

• intoxication

IV.  Food and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases

    A. Campylobacter

          1. C. jejuni and C. coli

          2. Pathogenesis

• many animal reservoirs
  
• gastroenteritis
  
• Gullain-Barré syndrome

         3. Epidemiology

• one of the most prevalent causes of gastroenteritis
  

   B.  Helicobacter pylori

        1. Pathogenesis

• ulcers
  
• survives in an acid environment
   

        2. Epidemiology
 
 

    B. Escherichia coli

        1. Pathogenesis
 

        2. Enterohemmorraghic E. coli (EHEC)

• O157:H7
  
• verotoxins
   
   

    D. Salmonella

        1. Nomenclature

• one species, S. enterica, and over 2,200 serotypes
   

            a) typhoid (enteric) fever

•    S. Typhi
   

             b) gastroenteritis

• S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium