I. Types of immunity
A. Innate immunity
B. Acquired immunity
1. Natural
a) natural active
b) natural
passive
2. Artificial
a) artificial active
b) artificial passive
temporary protection
3. Vaccines
a) killed (inactivated) microorganism
b) attenuated microorganism
c) toxoid
d) microbial component
e) recombinant
f) DNA
g)
plant derived II. Introduction to the Immune Response
A. Host Cells Involved
1. Lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
NK cells
lymphocytosis
lymphopenia
2. Plasma cells B. Two types of immune response
1. Antibody mediated immunity 2. Cell-mediated immunity C. Characteristics of the immune system
1. Specificity 2. Memory 3. Recognition III. Antigens and Antibodies
A. Antigens (Ags)
1. Chemical composition
haptens
2. Antigenic determinants
MO have
many Ag sites
each Ag
can have different epitopes
valence
3. Specificity B. Antibodies (aka. immunoglobulins and gamma-globlulins)
1. Chemical composition
variable
region (Fab)
constant
region (Fc)
domains
2. Antibody function 3. Classes of Ab
a)
IgG b)
IgM c)
IgA d)
IgE e)
IgD IV. Cytokines
A. Introduction B. Examples
monokines
lymphokines
interleukin
interferons
V. Mechanism of Antibody Mediated Immunity
A. Contact and recognition of Immunogen
B. Activation of B Lymphocytes
1. T-dependent Ag
APC presents
Ag and its own class II MHC
T-dependant
response, helper T cells (CD4+)
2. T-independent Ag triggering 3. Memory cells C. Immune response curve
anamnestic response D. Diagnostic use of Ab (serology) VI. Mechanism of CMI
A. Contact and recognition of Ag B. Types of T cells
1. Th cells (CD4+)
2. Ts cells (CD8+)
3. Tc cells (CD8+)
4. Activation of monocytes/macrophages
5. Natural killer (NK) cells
C. Summary
D. Dx uses of CMI
skin testing: indicates
previous exposure only
E. Tolerance
tolerance arises during embryonic development
1. Clonal deletion
2. Functional inactivation
3. Clonal anergy