IMMUNE DISORDERS

I.  Hypersensitivity

    A.  Introduction

        1.  Immediate type hypersensitivity

        2.  Delayed type hypersensitivity

    B.  Anaphylactic Rxns (type I)

        1.  Mechanism

        2.  Clinical forms

            a) localized

            b) systemic

                symptoms

        3.  Prevention

            a) avoid allergen

            b) desensitization
 

    C.  Cytotoxic Rxns (type II)

        1.  Mechanism
 

        2.  Examples

            a)  transfusion reactions

            b) Rh incompatibility

            c) drug sensitivities
 

    D.  Immune Complex Rxns (Type III)

        1.  Mechanism
 

        2.  Examples

            a) streptococcal glomerulonephritis

            b) rheumatoid arthritis
 

    E.  Cell-Mediated hypersensitivity rxns (Type IV)

        1.  Mechanisms
 

        2.  Examples

            a) Tb

            b) contact dermatitis
 
 

II.  Transplantation Immunology

    A. Types of grafts

        1. Xenograft
 

        2. Allograft
 

        3. Isograft
 

        4. Autograft
 

    B.  Mechanisms of rejection

        1.  T-cell direct killing

        2.  T-cell lymphokine production

        3.  Ab mediated

        4.  Immune complex
 

    D.  Graft vs. host (GVH) disease

            1. histoincompatability

            2. graft cells immunocompetent

            3. host cells immunodeficient
 

III.  Tumor Immunology

      A.  Transformation of normal cells and response

       

    B.  Theory of immunologic surveillance

IV. Autoimmunity

    A. Causes
 

 

    B.  Examples

        1.  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

            multisystem involvement

        2.  Rheumatiod arthritis

            abnormal IgG

        3.  Myasthenia gravis

            autoantibody to acetlycholine receptor

         4.  Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

           autoantibodies and T cells reactive to pancreas antigens and insulin

V.  Immunodeficiency

    A.  Evidence of

        1.  Recurrent/chronic infections
 

        2.  High rate of malignancy
 

    B.  Classification

        1.  Causes

            a) primary

            b) acquired
 

        2.  Deficiency

            a) B cells


            b) T cells


            c) both T and B cells


            d) complement


            e) hypogammaglobulinemia
 

    C. Examples

        1. Bruton's Disease
 

        2. DiGeorge's Syndrome
 
 


Last updated June 11, 2007.