I. Airborne Diseases

    A. Chickenpox (Varicella)

        1. Introduction
 

        2. Pathogenesis

            a) transmitted

            b) symptoms

            c) reactivation
 

        3.  Vaccine: Varivax

    B. Influenza

        1. Introduction

•  classified into groups A, B, or C
  
• epidemiology

 

        2. Pathogenesis

            a) transmission

            b) symptoms

•  Guillain-Barré syndrome
   

            c) antigenic variation

•   antigenic shift: major change in RNA
  
  
•  anitgenic drift:  minor change in RNA

            d) vaccine
 

         3.  Avian flu

    C.  Small Pox Virus

        1.  Introduction
 

         2.  Eradication program by World Health Organization (WHO)

•   reasons for success
  
  
• vaccinia virus

II.  Arboviruses

    A.  Description

• transmitted by arthropods
  

     B.  West Nile Virus (WNV)

         1. Introduction

         2. Pathogenesis

•  primarily circulates between birds and mosquitoes
  
  
• bridge vectors
  
  
• high risk factor for severe disease
  
  

3.  Prevention

III. Direct Contact

    A. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

        1. Introduction

• AIDS is the leading cause of death in persons 25-44 years in US
  
  
• epidemiolgy

        2. Pathogenesis

            Lentivirus:  HIV-1 and HIV-2

            a) transmission
 

            b) attachment
 

            c) replication
 

            d) effects on immune system

                1)  viral replication - decrease in CD4 cells

                2) free gp120

                3) apoptosis

                4) virus mutates rapidly
 

             e) stages of HIV infection

                   1) acute HIV infection

                   2) 'clinical latency'

                   3) clincal symptoms

                   4) AIDS

               f) symptoms of AIDS

• AIDS is characterized by chronic recurrent infections, cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma & hairy leukoplakia), and central nervous system symptoms.

       3. Treatment

highly active antiretroviral therapy

 

    B. Herpes Simplex virus (HSV)

        1. Introduction
 

        2. Cold sores
 

        3. Genital herpes
 

        4. Misc. infections
 
 

    C. Viral Hepatitis

        1. Introduction
 

        2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

•   vaccine
   

 

        3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
 

IV. Food and Waterborne Diseases

    A. Introduction
 

    B. Examples

        1.  Polio

        2.  Gastroenteritis

• rotovirus, Norwalk virus, Norwalk-like viruses
   

        3.  Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
 

V. Slow Virus Diseases

    A. Introduction

• Examples: warts (human papillomavirus) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (measles virus)
   

    B. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

        1. Introduction

            a)  prion protein (PrP)
 

            b) characteristics of the disease

• accumulation in the brain of an abnormal protein
   

            c) transmission
 

        2.  Examples

            a) scrapie
 

            b) Kuru
 

            c) Creutzsfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

•  symptoms

            d) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
 
 

            e) variant CJD (vCJD)

•   concern that vCJD originated from SE
  

            f) chronic wasting disease

Last updated July 2, 2007.